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OALib Journal期刊

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The Use of a Learning Management System (LMS) to Serve as the Virtual Common Space of a Network for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) in an Academic Department
Nicolette Bradley,Lorraine Jadeski,Genevieve Newton,Kerry Ritchie,Scott Merrett,William Bettger
Education Sciences , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/educsci3020136
Abstract: Traditionally, undergraduate curriculum committees, consisting of appointed faculty and student representatives, have served as the sole departmental vehicle for investigating, discussing and promoting the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) within an academic department. However, with the universal demand for greater accountability on all aspects of evidence-based teaching and on the totality of student learning and career outcomes, some academic departments have encouraged the formation of additional organizations to support their SoTL mandate. In the Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, the approach taken was to combine the interests of the faculty who had a sustained interest in the “scholarship of knowledge translation and transfer” in the health sciences with those who had a developing interest in SoTL. These faculty members would then form the foundation of a “network” which has been called the K*T3net. The virtual common space of the network is on a Learning Management System (LMS) site which is accessed by all faculty members in the network and by a growing number of staff and senior PhD students in the department. The features and potential uses of the K*T3net website will be discussed. The development of the K*T3net has already supported the proposal for a new undergraduate course on SoTL and is opening the possibility for graduate students to add a SoTL component to their thesis research.
Community
Brittney J. Sullivan,Janet Prvu Bettger
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1043659616670214
Abstract: Background: Honduras is the second poorest country in Central America. The already high burden of disease is disproportionately worse among individuals with less education and limited access to health care. Community engagement is needed to bridge the gap in health care resources with the need for health promotion and education. Culturally relevant health promotion activities can foster transcultural partnerships. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to partner nursing students with village leaders to assess a community’s health needs and implement health promotion activities in Honduras. Design: Participatory action research was used in the study. Method: U.S. nursing students (n = 4) partnered with a nonprofit organization and community partners in Villa Soleada to interview mothers in Villa Soleada, a Honduran village of 44 families, and implement health promotion activities targeted to the health priorities of their families. Results: Structured interviews with 24 mothers identified gastrointestinal issues, health care access and quality, and malaria as the top three priorities. Ninety-two percent of respondents were interested in nurse-led health promotion. Activities engaged new community partners. Discussion: This partnership and learning model was well received and sustainable. The U.S. nurses involved in the partnership gained exposure to Honduran health issues and led locally tailored health promotions in Villa Soleada. The community’s response to health promotion were positive and future activities were planned. Implications: Nursing student’s immersion experiences to support population-based health activities in low-resource settings are a replicable model that can help build healthier communities with a sustainable local infrastructure. Transcultural nursing experiences enhance students’ perspectives, increase personal and professional development, strengthen nursing students’ critical thinking skills, and for some students, confirm their desire to practice in an international arena
Measuring Comorbidity in Cardiovascular Research: A Systematic Review
Harleah G. Buck,Jabar A. Akbar,Sarah Jingying Zhang,Janet A. Prvu Bettger
Nursing Research and Practice , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/563246
Abstract: Background. Everything known about the roles, relationships, and repercussions of comorbidity in cardiovascular disease is shaped by how comorbidity is currently measured. Objectives. To critically examine how comorbidity is measured in randomized controlled trials or clinical trials and prospective observational studies in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or stroke. Design. Systematic review of studies of hospitalized adults from MEDLINE CINAHL, PsychINFO, and ISI Web of Science Social Science databases. At least two reviewers screened and extracted all data. Results. From 1432 reviewed abstracts, 26 studies were included (AMI , HF , stroke ). Five studies used an instrument to measure comorbidity while the remaining used the presence or absence of an unsubstantiated list of individual diseases. Comorbidity data were obtained from 1–4 different sources with 35% of studies not reporting the source. A year-by-year analysis showed no changes in measurement. Conclusions. The measurement of comorbidity remains limited to a list of conditions without stated rationale or standards increasing the likelihood that the true impact is underestimated. 1. Introduction Heart disease and stroke, common cardiovascular diseases, are the third and fourth leading causes of disease burden and the primary causes of death worldwide [1, 2]. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a systemic disease, rarely occurs alone so it is common to find multiple comorbid conditions in the setting of CVD, particularly in the older adult population who bear a disproportionate share of the comorbidity burden [3]. Comorbidity, at this time, is generally understood to be the presence of other disease entities in the setting of an index disease or condition [4]. However, everything known about the roles, relationships, and repercussions of comorbidity in CVD is shaped by how comorbidity is currently measured. The actual burden of comorbid conditions and the impact on outcomes in CVD may not be fully realized as a result of methodologic limitations in prospective studies completed to date. A brief overview of the history of comorbidity measurement will set the stage for understanding these methodologic limitations (Table 1). During the 1970s Kaplan and Feinstein [5] investigated taxonomic problems with classifying comorbidity which they defined as “any distinct additional clinical entity that has existed or that may occur during the clinical course of a patient who has the index disease under study” [6, page 456-7]. According to their conceptualization, comorbidity played one of
Provision of guideline-based care for drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: Level of concordance between prescribing practices and guidelines
Brittney J. van de Water,Coleen K. Cunningham,Janet Prvu Bettger,Janice Humphreys,Jason E. Farley,Susan G. Silva
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203749
Abstract:
Does Cluster Membership Enhance Financial Performance?  [PDF]
William Ruland
iBusiness (IB) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ib.2013.51001
Abstract:

This paper reports upon the profitability of firms that locate their headquarters in same-industry geographic concentrations or clusters and those that opt to maintain headquarters in other locations. While the preponderance of the theoretical and descriptive literature emphasizes the potential benefits associated with clustering, some papers suggest that clustering should not be beneficial, at least for particular types of firms in particular circumstances. This empirical study, which examines a sample of more than 4000 Compustat firms from 86 different industries, compares the profitability of firms in industry clusters and firms in other locations. The sample is partitioned into small and large firms to account for expected differences in profitability, in general, and the possible differential impact of geographic clustering. The results show that for smaller firms, the profitability of cluster members tends to be considerably lower than for firms that opt not to join clusters. For the subsample of larger firms, the results are mixed depending upon the measure of profitability. The results imply that smaller firms should carefully evaluate the decision to locate in industry clusters.

Why do we yawn?  [PDF]
William Burke
Health (Health) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.510213
Abstract:

The biomedical hypothesis proposed here is that the immediate trigger for a yawn is a restricted collapse of a few alveoli in the lungs. The extent of this alveolar collapse may be too small for it to be detected by current X-ray technology, but this technology is continually improving and may soon be good enough to test the hypothesis. In support of the hypothesis, it is shown that yawning can be inhibited by deep breaths of air, nitrogen or carbogen, thus showing that yawning is not triggered by lack of oxygen or by excess carbon dioxide, leaving alveolar collapse as the most likely possibility. A more extensive form of alveolar collapse is termed atelectasis and this involves a serious state of hypoxia which, if deepened or prolonged, can be fatal. Therefore, if the hypothesis is correct, yawning may prevent the development of atelectasis and save lives. This paper is not concerned with other indirect ways in which yawning may be induced, nor with the mechanism and neural circuitry of the yawn, nor with social aspects of yawning, only with the immediate trigger. My aim is to get better evidence for the hypothesis put forward here and also to study the behaviour of the pulmonary alveoli in normal respiration.

The Ionic Composition of Nasal Fluid and Its Function  [PDF]
William Burke
Health (Health) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.68093
Abstract: The aim of the experiments reported here is to increase our understanding of the function of the nasal fluid. It is generally accepted that the nasal fluid assists in the humidification of the inspired air. It also assists in the capture of inspired particles such as pollen, preventing them getting lodged in the lungs. It is also known to contain antibacterial substances which keep the nose, nasopharynx and respiratory passages relatively free of infection. There are other features of the nasal fluid that are not understood. In cold weather, is it the fluid that collects in the nostrils pure water or nasal fluid? Why does nasal fluid have an exceptionally high potassium concentration? Does nasal fluid secreted during the common cold have the same composition as at other times? My objectives are to try to answer these questions. My method is to collect my nasal fluid in several different ways and have the ionic composition of each determined accurately. My findings are that nasal fluid is similar in composition however it is secreted. In cold weather, if expiration is via the nose, the nasal fluid is diluted by condensed water. The high concentration of potassium in the nasal fluid is not a way of controlling the level of potassium in the body but I suggest that it may assist in maintaining the antibacterial property of the nasal fluid.
Coherence Modified for Sensitivity to Relative Phase of Real Band-Limited Time Series  [PDF]
William Menke
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/am.2014.517261
Abstract: As is well known, coherence does not distinguish the relative phase of a pair of real, sinusoidal time series; the coherence between them is always unity. This behavior can limit the applicability of coherence analysis in the special case where the time series are band-limited (nearly-monoch- romatic) and where sensitivity to phase differences is advantageous. We propose a simple mod-ification to the usual formula for coherence in which the cross-spectrum is replaced by its real part. The resulting quantity behaves similarly to coherence, except that it is sensitive to relative phase when the signals being compared are strongly band-limited. Furthermore, it has a useful interpretation in terms of the zero-lag cross-correlation of real band-passed versions of the time series.
Prediction Distortion in Monte Carlo Tree Search and an Improved Algorithm  [PDF]
William Li
Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications (JILSA) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jilsa.2018.102004
Abstract: Teaching computer programs to play games through machine learning has been an important way to achieve better artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of real-world applications. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is one of the key AI techniques developed recently that enabled AlphaGo to defeat a legendary professional Go player. What makes MCTS particularly attractive is that it only understands the basic rules of the game and does not rely on expert-level knowledge. Researchers thus expect that MCTS can be applied to other complex AI problems where domain-specific expert-level knowledge is not yet available. So far there are very few analytic studies in the literature. In this paper, our goal is to develop analytic studies of MCTS to build a more fundamental understanding of the algorithms and their applicability in complex AI problems. We start with a simple version of MCTS, called random playout search (RPS), to play Tic-Tac-Toe, and find that RPS may fail to discover the correct moves even in a very simple game position of Tic-Tac-Toe. Both the probability analysis and simulation have confirmed our discovery. We continue our studies with the full version of MCTS to play Gomoku and find that while MCTS has shown great success in playing more sophisticated games like Go, it is not effective to address the problem of sudden death/win. The main reason that MCTS often fails to detect sudden death/win lies in the random playout search nature of MCTS, which leads to prediction distortion. Therefore, although MCTS in theory converges to the optimal minimax search, with real world computational resource constraints, MCTS has to rely on RPS as an important step in its search process, therefore suffering from the same fundamental prediction distortion problem as RPS does. By examining the detailed statistics of the scores in MCTS, we investigate a variety of scenarios where MCTS fails to detect sudden death/win. Finally, we propose an improved MCTS algorithm by incorporating minimax search to overcome prediction distortion. Our simulation has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We provide an estimate of the additional computational costs of this new algorithm to detect sudden death/win and discuss heuristic strategies to further reduce the search complexity.
Construction of Equivalent Functions in Anisotropic Radon Tomography  [PDF]
William Menke
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/am.2019.101001
Abstract:

We consider a real-valued function on a plane of the form

m(x,y,θ)=A(x,y)+Bc(x,y)cos(2θ)+Bs(x,y)sin(2θ)+Cc(x,y)cos(4θ)Cs(x,y)sin(4θ)

that models anisotropic acoustic slowness (reciprocal velocity) perturbations. This “slowness function” depends on Cartesian coordinates and polar angle θ. The five anisotropic “component functions” A (x,y), Bc(x,y), Bs(x,y), Cc(x,y) and Cs(x,y) are assumed to be real-valued Schwartz functions. The “travel time” function d(u, θ) models the travel time perturbations on an indefinitely long straight-line observation path, where the line is parameterized by perpendicular distance u from the origin and polar angle θ; it is the Radon transform of m ( x, y, θ). We show that: 1) an A can always be found with the same d(u, θ) as an arbitrary (Bc,Bs) and/or an arbitrary (Cc

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